SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
The
simple present tense (the simple present) is used to
express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations,
emotions and wishes :
I smoke (habit); I work in London
(unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth).
USE 1 Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is
repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a
scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person
often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
·
I play tennis.
·
She does
not play tennis.
·
Does he play tennis?
·
The
train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
·
The
train does not leave at 9 AM.
·
When does the
train usually leave?
USE
2 . Facts
or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes
that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is
not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make
generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
- Birds do
not like milk.
- California is in
America.
- California is not in
the United Kingdom.
USE
3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about
scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking
about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as
well.
Examples:
·
The
train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
·
The
bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at
11 PM.
·
When do we board the
plane?
·
The
party starts at 8 o'clock.
·
When does class begin tomorrow?
USE
4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the
idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done
with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
Examples:
- I am here now.
- She is
not here now.
- He needs help
right now.
- He does not need help
now.
Formulas
or Patterns
(+) (Time) + S + V1 (s/es) + O/adv + (Time)
(-) (Time) + S + do/does
not + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Note : We can put the time at the
very beginning or end of the sentence (optional).
Do
Subject: I, You, They
and We
(+)
(Time) + S + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Ex : Today I read
a book in the library.
You
sing a song on the stage.
Wayan
and Made go to school every day.
They
go to school every day.
We
play football in the field.
(-) (Time) + S + do not + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Ex
: Today I do not read a book in the library
You do not sing a song on the stage
Wayan and Made do not go to school every day
They
do not go to school every day.
We
do not play football in the field.
(?)
Do + S + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Ex : Do you read a book in the
library today?
Do you sing a song on
the stage?
Do Wayan and Made go to school every day?
Do they go to school every day?
Do we play football in the
field?
Does
Subject : She, He and
It
(+)
(Time) + S + V1 (s/es) + O/adv + (Time)
Ex : He comes
to my house every Saturday night.
She
goes to school every day.
The
sun rises in the east.
It
rises in the east.
(-)
(Time) + S + does not + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Ex : He does not come to my house every Saturday night.
She
does not go to school every day.
The
sun does not rise in the
west.
(?)
Does + S + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
Ex : Does he come to my house every Saturday night?
Does she go to school every day?
Does the sun rise in the east?
Grammar
Rules
1.
To form the simple
present tense we add –s to the
infinitive of the verb in the third person singular (he, she, it).
Ex
: I live he/she/it lives
I sing he/she/it sings
2.
But when the verb ends in :
a)
–o, -ss, -sh, –ch, -x we add –es
Ex
: I go he/she/it goes
I
kiss he/she/it kisses
I
watch he/she/it watches
I
wash he/she/it washes
I
fix he/she/it fixes
b)
A consonant followed by –y, the –y changes into –i and we
add –es
Ex : I study he/she/it studies
c)
A vowel followed by –y we just add –s
Ex : I play he/she/it plays
Adverbs
With the simple present tense, we often use adverbs of
frequency to say 'how often' we do something. Here's a list of common adverbs of frequency:
·
Always : selalu atau senantiasa dilakukan atau
selalu terjadi
·
Usually : biasanya dilakukan atau biasanya
terjadi
·
Generally : pada umumnya dilakukan atau pada umumnya
terjadi
·
Often : sering dilakukan atau sering
terjadi
·
Seldom : jarang dilakukan atau jarang terjadi
·
Never : tidak pernah dilakukan
·
Sometimes : kadang-kadang
We
usually put these adverbs in the middle of the sentence, between the subject
and the verb:
- I often go to
the cinema.
- She sometimes visits
me at home.
- We usually drink
coffee.
- Mita
always goes to school at 6
o'clock.
- I
sometimes get up late.
- We
never study English on sunday.
We
can also put them at the very beginning or end of the sentence. This makes them
stronger:
- Often I go to the cinema.
- I go to the cinema often.
- But never:
I go often to the cinema
To
say how often something happens, you can use a number or 'several' or 'many',
followed by 'times'. ( If the number is one, use 'once' instead of 'one time'.
If the number is two use 'twice,' instead of 'two times') Then add 'a' and a
period of time:
- I go to the cinema twice
a week.
- She takes these tablets three
times a day.
- I meet him several
times a year.
- I visit my parents once
a month.
We
can also use 'every' + period of time:
- every morning = tiap pagi
- every day = tiap hari
- every week = tiap minggu
- every month = tiap bulan
- every year = tiap tahun
Example
:
I
go to school every day
We
visit my parents every week
Conclusion :
The
simple present is used to
express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations,
emotions and wishes. The formulas of the
simple present tense are:
Do/Does
(+) (Time) + S + V1
(s/es) + O/adv + (Time)
(-) (Time) + S + do/does not + V1 +
O/adv + (Time)
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O/adv + (Time)
We
use “do” if the subject : I, You, They, We
We
use “does” if the subject: She, He and It. To form the simple present tense we
add –s to the infinitive of the verb
in the third person singular (he, she, it) and a vowel followed by –y
but when the verb ends in –o, -ss, -sh. –ch, -x, a consonant followed by
–y, the –y changes into –i and we add -es.
With the simple present tense, we often use adverbs of frequency to say 'how
often' we do something. We usually put these adverbs in the middle of the
sentence, between the subject and the verb and we can also put them at the very
beginning or end of the sentence.
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